The most significant shift in environmental governance over the last thirty years has been the convergence of environmental and liberal economic norms toward "liberal environmentalism" -- which predicates environmental protection on the promotion and maintenance of a liberal economic order. Steven Bernstein assesses the reasons for this historical shift, introduces a socio-evolutionary explanation for the selection of international norms, and considers the implications for our ability to address global environmental problems.

The author maintains that the institutionalization of "sustainable development" at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) legitimized the evolution toward liberal environmentalism. Arguing that most of the literature on international environmental politics is too rationalist and problem-specific, Bernstein challenges the mainstream thinking on international cooperation by showing that it is always for some purpose or goal. His analysis of the norms that guide global environmental policy also challenges the often-presumed primacy of science in environmental governance.

By spring 1864, the administration of Abraham Lincoln was in serious trouble, with mounting debt, low morale and eroding political support. As spring became summer, a force of Confederate troops led by Lieutenant General Jubal Anderson Early marched north through the Shenandoah Valley and crossed the Potomac as Washington, D.C., and Maryland lay nearly undefended. This Civil War history explores what could have been a decisive Confederate victory and the reasons Early's invasion of Maryland stalled. Steven Bernstein has written for America's Civil War, the Washington Times, and numerous other journals and newspapers. He lives in Maryland.

Canada has been an engaged participant in global climate change negotiations since the late 1980s. Until recently, Canadian policy seemed to be driven in large part by a desire to join in multilateral efforts to address climate change. By contrast, current policy is seeking a "made in Canada" approach to the issue. Recent government-sponsored analytic efforts as well as the government's own stated policies have been focused almost entirely on domestic regulation and incentives, domestic opportunities for technological responses, domestic costs, domestic carbon markets, and the setting of a domestic carbon "price" at a level that sends the appropriate marketplace signal to produce needed reductions. A Globally Integrated Climate Policy for Canada builds on the premise that Canada is in need of an approach that effectively integrates domestic priorities and global policy imperatives. Leading Canadian and international experts explore policy ideas and options from a range of disciplinary perspectives, including science, law, political science, economics, and sociology. Chapters explore the costs, opportunities, or imperatives to participate in international diplomatic initiatives and regimes, the opportunities and impacts of regional or global carbon markets, the proper mix of domestic policy tools, the parameters of Canadian energy policy, and the dynamics that propel or hinder the Canadian policy process.

Globalization has challenged relationships of rule in local, regional, national, and international settings. This unsettling of legitimacy raises questions. Under what conditions do individuals and communities accept globalized decision making as legitimate? And what political practices do individuals and collectivities under globalization use to exercise autonomy? To answer these questions, the contributors explore the disruptions and reconfigurations of political authority that accompany globalization. Arguing that we live in an era in which political legitimacy at multiple scales of authority is under strain, they show that globalization has also created demands for regulation, security, and the protection of rights and expressions of individual and collective autonomy.

Steven Bernstein is an associate professor of political science and associate director of the Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto. William D. Coleman is a professor and Center for International Governance Innovation Chair in Globalization and Public Policy at the Balsillie School of International Affairs, Waterloo.

Contributors: Ian Cooper, Harvey A. Feit, Tara C. Goetze, Heike H rting, Rhoda E. Howard-Hassmann, Michael Keating, John McGarry, Margaret Moore, Peter Nyers, Sylvia Ostry, Leslie A. Pal, Nisha Shah, Jackie Smith, Julie Sunday, and Melissa S. Williams.

Under what conditions do individuals and communities accept globalizeddecision making as legitimate? And what political practices doindividuals and collectivities under globalization use to exerciseautonomy? To answer these questions, the contributors explore thedisruptions and reconfigurations of political authority that accompanyglobalization. Arguing that we live in an era in which politicallegitimacy at multiple scales of authority is under strain, they showthat globalization has also created demands for regulation, security,and the protection of rights and expressions of individual andcollective autonomy.